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China's Ministry of Justice Photo: VCG
China on Wednesday determined that the EU's cross-border investigative practices targeting Chinese entities in its probe into JD.com under the Foreign Subsidies Regulation (FSR) constituted unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction, and said it is barring organizations and individuals from implementing or assisting with the measures.
This statement was made by China's Ministry of Justice (MOJ), together with the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) and other relevant departments. The announcement takes effect immediately.
The finding follows an investigation conducted pursuant to Articles 3 and 6 of China's rules on countering foreign states' unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction measures. No organization or individual may implement or assist in implementing such measures, according to the official WeChat account of the MOJ on Wednesday evening. 
The announcement sends a clear and firm message about China's position on the EU's unilateral measures, and the bloc should carefully weigh the broader implications of pursuing such actions, including the potential costs to its own interests and China-EU economic and trade relations, a Chinese expert said. Continued use of the FSR in this manner could erode investment confidence and further strain bilateral economic ties, the expert noted.
Countering extraterritorial overreach
A spokesperson for China's MOJ on Wednesday blasted the EU's targeting of JD.com, saying the bloc had arbitrarily demanded extensive and unnecessary information located in China from Chinese entities on a cross-border basis. Such demands are improper and constitute a serious violation of the international rule of law, the spokesperson said.
To safeguard China's sovereignty, security and development interests, as well as the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens, legal persons and other organizations, the Ministry of Justice, together with the Ministry of Commerce and other relevant authorities, determined in accordance with rules on countering foreign states' unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction measures that the EU's actions constituted unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction. Any organization or individual is therefore prohibited from complying with or assisting in the implementation of the measures, according to the spokesperson.
The MOJ spokesperson urged the EU to immediately correct its wrongful practices, stop abusing the Foreign Subsidies Regulation as an investigative tool, and provide a fair, just and predictable market environment for companies investing and operating in Europe. If the EU persists with such actions, China will take resolute countermeasures in accordance with law, the spokesperson said.
Chinese e-commerce giant JD.com's $2.5 billion bid for German electronics retailer Ceconomy may involve Chinese subsidies, European ‌Union competition regulators claimed, as they opened a full-scale investigation into the deal, Reuters reported on May 28.
The acquisition will allow one of China's largest retailers to expand outside its home market via Ceconomy-owned electronic products retailers MediaMarkt and Saturn, Reuters reported.
The decision by ⁠the European Commission marks its first in-depth probe of a Chinese deal under its so-called FSR.
This marks another time the rules on countering foreign states' unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction measures have been invoked since they took effect in April.
In May, the MOJ, together with MOFCOM and other relevant departments, determined after an investigation that the EU's cross border investigative practices targeting Chinese entities in its investigation into Nuctech under the FSR constituted unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction.
The latest announcement concerning the EU's unilateral move under the FSR once again reflects the Chinese government's firm position on safeguarding national sovereignty, security and legitimate rights and interests, while also representing a clear response to the EU's relevant practices, Jian Junbo, director of the Center for China-Europe Relations at Fudan University's Institute of International Studies, told the Global Times on Wednesday.
"The announcement sends a clear signal to the EU and other countries: China will not accept attempts by any country to use its domestic laws as a basis for exercising unlawful extraterritorial jurisdiction over matters within China, particularly when such actions undermine China's sovereign rights and interests," said Jian.
Likewise, China will not accept attempts to unilaterally address economic and trade frictions through so-called legal instruments when doing so harms the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese companies and the Chinese market, Jian said.
Call on fair, just market
The EU's frequent use of the FSR against Chinese companies is not an isolated occurrence.
In February, the European Commission announced an in-depth investigation under the FSR into Chinese wind turbine manufacturer Goldwind.
Responding to the bloc's move, a MOFCOM spokesperson said that the EU had recently frequently used the FSR to launch investigations into Chinese companies and had escalated investigations into Chinese wind power and security equipment companies to in-depth probes, showing clear targeting and discrimination. China has expressed serious concern and strong dissatisfaction over the moves.
The MOFCOM spokesperson said the EU's investigations had broadened the concept of "foreign subsidies" and involved multiple problems, including insufficient evidence to launch investigations and a lack of transparency in procedures, describing the practices as "typical protectionism in the name of 'fair competition.'"
In January 2025, following an investigation, MOFCOM already determined in accordance with the law that the EU's relevant practices constituted trade and investment barriers. Instead of correcting its practices, the EU has gone further down the wrong path.
"China has made its position very clear, and the EU should fully consider the consequences of continuing with such measures, including their potential impact on the EU itself and on China-EU economic and trade relations," Zhang Jian, a vice president of the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, told the Global Times on Wednesday.
If the EU continues to impose excessive restrictions on foreign companies through similar rules, it will not only raise compliance costs for multinational companies but could also undermine the competitiveness of European businesses, Zhang said, noting that the EU economy is already facing considerable challenges, while concerns over excessive regulation, bureaucracy and increasingly complex rules have also grown within Europe.
Moreover, such rules may ultimately constrain European companies as well as foreign businesses, experts noted. At a time when the EU economy is facing difficulties, adding more regulation and restrictions instead of addressing underlying problems would be akin to "drinking poison to quench thirst," potentially creating even greater problems for the European economy, Zhang said.
China and the EU are both major global economies. Chinese investment in Europe not only brings capital, but also creates jobs, strengthens supply chains, introduces new technologies and adds vitality to local markets, Jian said.
Moreover, from new-energy vehicles to air conditioners and other consumer products, Chinese companies have brought high-quality, cost-effective products to European consumers, helping meet much-needed market demand while providing consumers with greater choice.
Jian said that as China-EU cross border investment deepens, regulatory frictions are inevitable, but they should be addressed through dialogue and coordination rather than unilateral expansion of extraterritorial jurisdiction. Respect for each other's judicial sovereignty and legal boundaries is essential to stable and predictable economic and trade ties, the expert said.
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二 | 12月18日，在思明区教师进修学校、北师大教育家书院的牵头下，北京师范大学冯婉桢教授及思明区首批名园长培养对象的园长们莅临西林幼儿园指导工作。                   1.观摩园所环境                               冯教授深入幼儿园实地察看，走进幼儿游戏现场，了解各区域环境创设的内涵。她肯定了园方对于空间利用的巧思及课程理念的渗透，鼓励教师们继续让孩子成为环境的主人。                   2.观摩自主游戏                               走进西林幼儿园的户外现场，冯教授对“和润课程”理念下创设的户外自主游戏给予了肯定，并结合现场观摩情况提出了针对性的意见与建议，为园所下一步的课程构建提供了新的思路和方向。                   PART.02          交流•赋能课题研究          1.讲座分享                               交流研讨环节，傅琪蓉园长以“园本课程背景下户外自主游戏支持策略的实践探究”为主题进行了讲座汇报，从幼儿园简介、园本课程建设情况、户外自主游戏支持策略探究等方面具体展开，结合课程建设与实施中的所思所想进行了全方位的介绍。                   2.课程故事分享                               沈雪芬老师带来课程故事《快乐足球》，结合“足球那些事”——“足球初体验”——“玩转足球”等一系列活动，教师与幼儿一同实践、探索、思考，幼儿从中感受到足球的魅力。通过在五人足球赛中发现问题、分析问题，从而解决问题，幼儿社会化发展得到显著提升。                    方莹老师分享课程故事《齐心协力赛龙舟》，从“好奇探龙舟”到“探索划龙舟”再到“齐心赛龙舟”，围绕着在游戏中出现的真问题，孩子们不断探究，自主尝试解决问题并进行总结反思。通过教师的“支架作用”让幼儿成为自己学习的“催化剂”，在探索划龙舟的游戏过程中幼儿各方面的能力和学习品质也得到了全面发展和提升。                   PART.03          明晰•教育发展脉络           点评环节，冯教授对西林幼儿园能围绕“和润”这一理念，清晰地架构课程脉络表示肯定，并对幼儿园课题研究、长远发展进行深入剖析，提出独到的观点。          通过冯教授的细致讲解，进一步理清了课题研究的框架和思路，相信经过此次专家的指导和引领，老师们一定会砥志研思，持续拓展研究思路的广度与深度，从多维度、多层次丰富研究成果的内涵与外延，提升研究效果的质量与影响力，为园所课题研究工作的扎实开展、高效运行和稳步推进提供坚实有力的支持。                    冬月的相聚，有深度的碰撞，亦有精彩的点拨。在冯教授的落地化指导和专业引领下，我们将继续深入实践、潜心研究、不断反思调整，支持孩子们在自主游戏中深度学习、快乐成长，成为更加自主、更加自信的个体！                              通讯地址：          厦门市西林西里87号           联系电话：          0592-5998366           · 图文编辑：方 莹 ·           · 责任编辑：陈 莹 ·。

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